employee
Analyzing the provisions of Art. 59 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, correlating them with international norms and giving examples from judicial practice, it is concluded that this norm contains signs of discrimination against persons of retirement age when applying for a job in terms of the possibility of concluding employment contracts with them for a limited period of validity without sufficient grounds dictated by the nature of work or other circumstances. In this regard, it is proposed to amend paragraph 3 of part 2 of Art. 59 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
age discrimination, employees who have reached retirement age, equality of workers’ rights, fixed-term employment contract
1. Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993) (with amendments approved during the all-Russian vote on July 1, 2020) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. 2020. № 27. Art. 4453.
2. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (adopted on December 16, 1966 by Resolution 2200 (XXI) of the UN General Assembly) // LRS «ConsultantPlus».
3. Convention № 158 of the International Labour Organization «On Termination of Employment relations on the initiative of an Entrepreneur» (Geneva, June 22, 1982) // Bulletin of International Treaties. 1992. № 10. P. 3–10.
4. Recommendation № 166 of the International Labour Organization «On termination of employment relations at the initiative of an entrepreneur» (adopted at the 68th session of the ILO General Conference) (Geneva, June 22, 1982) // Bulletin of International Treaties. 1992. № 10. P. 11–16.
5. Recommendation № 162 of the International Labour Organization «On Older workers» (adopted in Geneva on July 23, 1980 of the 66th session of the ILO General Conference) // URL: https://zaki.ru/pagesnew.php?id=1286
6. Labor Code of the Russian Federation № 197-FZ dated December 30, 2001 (as amended on September 29, 2025) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. 2002. № 1 (P. 1). Art. 3.
7. Federal Law № 352-FZ of October 3, 2018 «On Amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation» // LRS «ConsultantPlus».
8. Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated May 19, 2020 № 25-P «On checking the constitutionality of paragraph eight of the first part of Article 59 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation in connection with the complaint of citizen I. A. Sysoev» // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. 2020. № 23. Art. 3602.
9. Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated December 27, 1999 № 19-P «On the case of checking the constitutionality of the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 20 of the Federal Law on Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education in connection with the complaints of citizens V. P. Malkov and Yu. A. Antropov, as well as the request of the Vakhitovsky District Court of Kazan» // LRS «ConsultantPlus».
10. Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated February 4, 1992 № 2-P «On the case of checking the constitutionality of the law enforcement practice of termination of an employment contract on the grounds provided for in paragraph 1.1 of Article 33 of the Labor Code of the RSFSR» // Bulletin of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. 1993. № 1.
11. Ruling of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated May 15, 2007 № 378-O-P «On refusal to accept for consideration the request of the Amur City Court of the Khabarovsk Territory to verify the constitutionality of the provision of Article 59 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation» // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. 2007. № 22. Art. 2653.
12. Dissenting opinion of Judge of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation O. S. Khokhryakova on the Ruling of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated May 15, 2007 № 378-O-P «On the refusal to accept for consideration the request of the Amur City Court of the Khabarovsk Territory to verify the constitutionality of the provision of Article 59 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation» // URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_69672/f604e47f79fdbe7da53e0fb4fedcdccd715cfee1/
13. Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated March 17, 2004 № 2 «On the application of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation by the Courts of the Russian Federation» // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. April 20, 2004. № 80.
14. Appeal ruling of the Novosibirsk Regional Court dated October 27, 2016 in case № 33-10559/2016 // LRS «ConsultantPlus».
15. Dmitrieva I. K. Guarantees of labor rights of citizens in the sphere of labor and social security : the practice of applying labor legislation and legislation on social security : materials of the International scientific and practical conference. M., 2006.
16. Yershova E. A. Conclusion of a fixed-term employment contract // Labor law. 2007. № 2.
17. Kurennoy A. M. Legal regulation of the conclusion of an employment contract and transfer to another job // Legislation. 2002. № 11.
18. Lada A. S. On the problem of concluding a fixed-term employment contract with certain categories of employees // Law and the state: theory and practice. 2022. № 2 (206). P. 194–196.
19. Sagandykov S. M. Prohibition of age discrimination in the context of the implementation of the constitutional principle of freedom of labor // Actual problems of Russian law. 2024. № 9 (19) P. 18–27.
20. Dictionary of gender terms // URL: http://a-z-gender.net/ejdzhizm.html
21. Employees have been facing age discrimination since they were 40 years old // URL: https://rg.ru/2024/01/23/sroki-godnosti.html
22. Ageism is a global problem // URL: https://www.who.int/ru/news/item/18-03-2021-ageism-is-a-global-challenge-un
