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The current stage of the development of the world economy is characterized by a high degree of globalization, digitalization and increased international competition. In these conditions, the Russian Federation faces the task of ensuring long-term competitiveness and sustainable socio-economic development. One of the key tools for achieving these goals is the modernization of the national economy, which involves the transition to an innovation-oriented growth model and the formation of new principles of spatial organization of economic activity. This implies the creation and development of territorial clusters, which will become one of the key conditions for the implementation of the import substitution policy, the course for which has been taken since 2014 in response to the imposition of sanctions by Western countries. Currently, clusters are considered as a tool to increase the competitiveness of the national economy, accelerate technological modernization and ensure sustainable socio-economic development. It analyzes the role of spatial development and cluster policy in the process of modernizing the economy of the Russian Federation, as well as identifying areas for improving the mechanisms for the formation and functioning of territorial clusters as a tool to increase the competitiveness and innovation activity of the regions. The research process uses general scientific and special methods, including: system analysis — for a comprehensive consideration of the processes of spatial development and cluster formation; comparative analysis — to compare Russian and foreign experience in implementing cluster policy; economic and statistical methods — to assess the effectiveness of the functioning of clusters and their impact on the socio-economic indicators of the regions; structural and functional analysis method — to identify interrelationships between elements of the regional economic system; methods of expert assessments - to determine the prospects and barriers to the development of clusters in the modern Russian economy.
cluster, region, national economy, modernization, management
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