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The influence of sufism, a mystical movement in Islam, on the formation of the legal culture of the peoples of the North Caucasus is studied. The historical stages of the penetration and spread of Sufism in the region are considered, starting from the 11th century. and the role of Derbent as one of the first centers of Sufi thought. The interaction of Sufi norms with traditional forms of customary law — adats is analyzed, the process of their mutual influence and adaptation is shown. Particular attention is paid to the role of Sufi spiritual leaders (sheikhs) in resolving conflicts, forming moral and ethical norms and strengthening social justice. The transformation of Sufi communities during the periods of the Caucasian War and Soviet power, as well as their revival in the post-Soviet period, is investigated. It analyzes the current state of Sufism in the North Caucasus and its contribution to maintaining peace, stability and countering extremism. It is concluded that Sufism had a significant impact on the formation of a unique legal culture of the peoples of the North Caucasus, combining Islamic and local traditions, and continues to play an important role in the spiritual and social life of the region.
sufism, North Caucasus, legal culture, adats, Islam, spiritual leaders, sheikhs, Caucasian War, Derbent, moral and ethical norms, social justice, extremism
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