student
The relevance of this research topic is due to the unprecedented sanctions imposed on Russia by «unfriendly» countries, which restrict free trade and the export of Russian energy resources. In response, Russia is actively developing a «shadow» fleet system, an innovative approach that allows it to circumvent these restrictions. Studying this phenomenon is crucial for understanding modern methods of countering sanctions and their impact on global trade. The aim of this research is to analyze the trends and principles of the «shadow» fleet based on available information.
maritime logistics, «shadow fleet», transformation, sanctions circumvention, energy market, policy of unfriendly states, global trade
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