A comprehensive analysis of the constitutional and legal foundations for ensuring law and order and public safety at the facilities of the transport infrastructure of the Russian Federation is carried out. The relevance of the study is due to the growing threats of a terrorist, criminal and man-made nature in the context of geopolitical instability and the conduct of a special military operation. The authors identify contradictions in the conceptual framework of legislation on transport safety, analyze the constitutional differentiation of powers of federal and regional authorities based on articles 71 and 72 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, explore the system of subjects of security and the problems of their coordination. Special attention is paid to the role of the Federal Service for Supervision of Transport (Rostransnadzor) as a specialized control and supervisory body, the importance of which is insufficiently disclosed in the scientific literature. The authors substantiate the need for legislative consolidation of the coordinating role of Rostransnadzor in the transport security system, arguing that it is specialized, has full control and supervisory powers and cooperates with all subjects of the system - the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Security Service, Rosgvardiya and subjects of transport infrastructure. The article examines the constitutional and legal balance between security measures and citizens’ rights to freedom of movement, personal inviolability and privacy in accordance with Part 3 of art. 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of regulatory legal acts, doctrinal sources and law enforcement practice, the authors formulate proposals for improving legal regulation, including the adoption of a federal law on public safety, the creation of an interdepartmental commission on transport security under Rostransnadzor and the regulation of the legal status of employees of transport security units through the introduction of a special provision in the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation.
constitutional and legal regulation, public safety, law and order, transport security, transport infrastructure facilities, Rostransnadzor, separation of powers, constitutional rights of citizens
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