In this study, the authors have examined digital evidence in Arab countries, viz. the legislation and case laws of the member states of Gulf Cooperation Council. Originally, their admission was based only on the discretion of the judge, which led to the development of criteria-principles for electronic evidence. Subsequently, the adoption of acts defining their legal status and amendments to criminal procedure laws, which are not the only legal regulator, have become widespread. Regulatory framework of countries provides various classifications of digital evidence, subject to the theory of common origin of sources and procedures. The competent authorities (prosecutors and courts) have powers to search persons, places and information systems, to promptly collect and record any data, electronic information, traffic data or content, as well as to take measures and procedures to preserve devices, tools, IT tools, information systems, data or electronic information.
electronic evidence, digital evidence, criminal procedure of arabic states, cooperation council for the arab states of the gulf
1. Adnan Ibragim Al'-Hadzhar, Fayez Hedr Bashir. Cifrovye uliki i dokazatel'stva kiberprestupleniy: mezhdu ukoreneniem i interpretaciey // Zhurnal Issledovatel'skogo universiteta Al'-Istiklyal'. 2021. № 6 (1).
2. Al'-Mahmud Ali Hamudatu. Dokazatel'stva kiberprestupleniy, umysel i ocenka v ramkah teorii dokazatel'stv po ugolovnym delam // Zhurnal bezopasnosti i prava. 2003. № 1.
3. Al'-Hamdani Meysun Halaf Hamad. Zakonnost' elektronnyh dokazatel'sv v kachestve dokazatel'stv po ugolovnomu delu // Zhurnal kolledzha prava / Al-Nahrain University. 2016. № 18 (2).
4. Ahmad Hamao, Ala Avaad, Vala Abdulla. Elektronnye dokazatel'stva (yuridicheskie i tehnicheskie aspekty). Palestina: Yuridicheskiy institut Birzeytskogo universiteta, 2015.
5. Biryukov P. N. O cifrovyh dokazatel'stvah v zarubezhnom ugolovnom processe // Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Pravo. 2022. № 1 (48). S. 275-286. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ECABRH
