employee
In a situation of complication of the socio-economic environment, there is considerable attention to the internal psychological determinants of human behavior. The orientation of the personality of the individual and specifically the features of his need-semantic sphere are a component that largely determines human behavior. The empirical part of the study consists in examining and comparing the results of two groups of managers: entrepreneurs – business owners and managers from among the top officials of organizations. The hypothesis put forward about the presence of specificity in three (by the number of methods) aspects of the orientation was partially confirmed: differences were revealed in the method of motivational-semantic formations and semantic differential, in terms of semantic orientations, no differences were found. The study made it possible to isolate from the general managerial features of the need-semantic sphere of the personality of managers specific «entrepreneurial», which represent a kind of «alloy» of a high level of need to achieve, positive focus on the future and «strength» of the world (surrounding reality). At the same time, the self-esteem of the activity of entrepreneurs is lower than that of managers. A judgment is put forward that it is this combination in the psychological structure of the orientation of the personality that determines the choice of entrepreneurship as a field for professional self-realization of the personality, and the internal attitude towards success is one of the key factors of adaptation and sustainability in this work. Understanding the identified psychological features contributes to a more accurate consideration of the individual characteristics of entrepreneurs and managers in terms of their urgent needs, subjective meanings and internal motivation.
personality, entrepreneur, manager, leader, personality orientation, needs-meaning sphere, motivational-meaning formations, life-sense orientations, semantic differential
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